We thank the EDNY, the FBI and the Nassau County Police Department DA Squad for their partnership in helping to keep our communities safe.”Īs detailed in the indictments and court filings, members of the Genovese and Bonanno organized crime families operated several illegal gambling operations in the Eastern District of New York. This indictment sends a strong message that we are committed to rooting out corruption and organized crime. The Mafia has brought untold violence and extortion into our neighborhoods for decades, even threatening the life of an individual as part of this case. These Mafia figures were assisted by a sworn member of law enforcement, who helped these gambling dens to thrive by offering police raids on competing clubs. “These violent criminal organizations operated secret underground gambling parlors in local commercial establishments, generating substantial amounts of money in back rooms while families unknowingly shopped and ate mere feet away. “This case is further proof that organized crime is alive and well in our communities,” stated District Attorney Donnelly. Our active investigations show the mafia refuses to learn from history, and accept that at some point they will face justice for their crimes,” stated Assistant Director-in-Charge Driscoll. Enlisting alleged assistance from a member of law enforcement also proves they are willing to do all they can to hide their illegal behavior. “Current members of the five families demonstrate every day they are not averse to working together to further their illicit schemes, using the same tired methods to squeeze money from their victims. Peace thanked the New York City Police Department, the Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor, and the United States Department of Labor, Office of the Inspector General for their assistance in the investigation. Even more disturbing is the shameful conduct of a detective who betrayed his oath of office and the honest men and women of the Nassau County Police Department when he allegedly aligned himself with criminals.” “The defendants tried to hide their criminal activity by operating from behind the cover of a coffee bar, a soccer club, and a shoe repair shop, but our Office and our law enforcement partners exposed their illegal operations. “Today’s arrests of members from two La Cosa Nostra crime families demonstrate that the Mafia continues to pollute our communities with illegal gambling, extortion, and violence while using our financial system in service to their criminal schemes,” stated United States Attorney Peace. Donnelly, District Attorney, Nassau County District Attorney’s Office, announced the charges. Driscoll, Assistant Director-in-Charge, Federal Bureau of Investigation, New York Field Office (FBI), and Anne T. Joseph Rutigliano remains at large.īreon Peace, United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York, Michael J. Vito Pipitone was arrested in Wellington, Florida and will make his initial appearance this afternoon in federal court in Miami. Seven are scheduled to be arraigned this afternoon before United States Magistrate Judge James R. As alleged, charged with racketeering are: Anthony Pipitone, a captain and soldier in the Bonanno organized crime family of La Cosa Nostra Vito Pipitone, Bonanno soldier Agostino Gabriele, Bonanno associate Carmelo Polito, acting captain in the Genovese organized crime family of La Cosa Nostra Joseph Macario, Genovese soldier and Genovese associates Salvatore Rubino and Joseph Rutigliano.Įight defendants were arrested this morning. Earlier today, in federal court in Brooklyn, two indictments were unsealed charging nine defendants with racketeering, illegal gambling, money laundering conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and related offenses.
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Sysco Corporation, an Equal Opportunity Employer, endeavors to make the Sysco Corporate Careers Website accessible to any and all users. Information about our CSR program, including Sysco’s 2021 Corporate Social Responsibility Report, can be found at /csr2021report For fiscal 2022 that ended July 3, 2022, the company generated sales of more than $68 billion. With more than 71,000 colleagues, the company operates 333 distribution facilities worldwide and serves more than 700,000 customer locations. Its family of products also includes equipment and supplies for the foodservice and hospitality industries. Keurig Dr Pepper is committed to working with and providing reasonable accommodations to individuals with disabilities.Sysco is the global leader in selling, marketing and distributing food products to restaurants, healthcare and educational facilities, lodging establishments and other customers who prepare meals away from home. Interested candidates are required to apply to a specific requisition on Keurig Dr Pepper’s Career site in order to be considered for employment. files/OFCCP/pdf/ pay-transp_%20English_formattedESQA508c.pdf regs/compliance/posters/pdf/ OFCCP_EEO_Supplement_Final_JRF_QA_508c.pdf operators are up to date on their forklift certification in Sacramento, CA. regs/compliance/ posters/pdf/eeopost.pdf 20 2nd Shift Forklift Driver jobs available in Sacramento, CA on . Get Your Forklift Operator Card in Sacramento Today In Less Than One Hour. recruits qualified applicants and advances in employment its employees without regard to race, color, religion, gender, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, age, disability, genetic information, ethnic or national origin, marital status, veteran status, or any other protected class by law. Apply to Forklift Operator, Dock Worker, Warehouse Specialist and more Skip to main content. is an equal opportunity employer and affirmatively seeks diversity in its workforce. 442 Forklift jobs available in Sacramento, CA on. By clicking, “Apply” you agree to this statement. For further details see KDP’s Job Applicant Privacy Notice here. It is in KDP’s legitimate business interests to be able to review the qualifications of prospective employees and perform human resources functions with regard to our employees. The personal data that may be collected, shared, and/or processed for this purpose includes your name, title, company name, email address, telephone number, postal address, language, resume, cover letter, age, education, professional history and contact details, and any other information you provide. KDP will share the personal data you supply during the application process with internal human resources professionals as well as professionals in our business functions who are participating in the application and interview process. When you apply for a position at Keurig Dr Pepper (“KDP”), we use the personal data you provide for the purpose of assessing your application, considering you for future positions and carrying out human resources functions in accordance with applicable law. These fraudulent offers instruct prospective candidates to provide detailed personal information, and/or to pay application and processing fees. Keurig Dr Pepper (“KDP”) has been notified of fraudulent employment offers being made, via email and otherwise, to prospective candidates. Many students believe that by studying online, they can get an easy pass into medicine however, that is far from the truth. Common Misconceptions about Studying Medicine Online Digital learning is not an obstacle - it’s a privilege when an onsite option is unsuitable for you. There are courses specifically designed to be taught online. Studying medicine online is sometimes a viable option. Hence, potentially being an appropriate compromise for you, subject to being in compliance with the local laws. Should you consider enrolling in an online medical course at this time? If personal circumstances restrict your ability to travel for in-person studies, then some elements of the course may be possible to study online, replicating the classroom experience. Naturally, teaching online was quickly utilised when appropriate. The changing global circumstances sometimes require students to seek alternative ways to study medicine. I've been reading Ancient Greek every day for years, and it's still easier to pick up new words in Latin, which I've been studying for all of three months.The world of technology is continuously evolving. But it can be dispiriting, and done kind of barrier lasts for years. It does get easier after a while - slowly you notice words need fewer repetitions, and you need fewer extra helps to get them to stick. It takes time to intuit the subtle patterns that give clues about a word's function. Finally, the shape of the words is just so much more alien in a distant language. And in an easier, more transparent language you are probably getting through a lot more reading and listening early on, which makes a huge difference: things are much easier to learn if you have seen them in the wild. If you are having to think hard about how to pronounce it, that's another barrier. The script makes a huge difference in the brain-power needed to process it, even when you've been reading it for some time. That's not just true because of the obvious things like cognates. The more familiar a language is the easier it is to learn the words. I learn 100 Latin words a day with less time and effort than I could learn 10 in Farsi or Hebrew. Users that routinely delete their posts once they receive an answer might be excluded from participating on the sub. Posts that are off-topic will be removed. Do not routinely remove answered questions.If it has been a valuable tool in your learning, please consider supporting its development through one of the ways listed here. Please Support Anki!Īnki is free and open-source software. When creating cards, consider the tips in this article: Twenty rules of formulating knowledge. For additional resources and tips make sure to also check out our Wiki. New to the app? Anki's manual is the best way to get you started. Post Filters Hide Questions Show Questions Only Show Everything Anki Tips & Info If you find a good resource for Anki users, please share it with us. You are welcome to ask your questions about Anki here, and please help answer other people's questions when you can. There is also a web-based version of Anki. Anki is available for these platforms: Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD, iPhone, and Android. This community is for people who use the Anki "powerful, intelligent flashcard" program. You can now set a custom flair to tell other users about the subjects / topics you're studying with Anki! To set a flair, simply click on (edit) next to your username. Bot support for offline and online DM and TDM modes included. Fight across time and space to find the Strogg-Maker, destroy it, and change the destiny of man and machine.Įnjoy all 19 campaign levels, 10 multiplayer deathmatch maps, and an additional, original soundtrack in this release of the original Quake II version for Nintendo 64.Įnjoy Online & Local Multiplayer and CO-OPįight the hostile Strogg through the gritty, military sci-fi campaign and expansions in 4-player online or local split-screen co-op, and compete in pure, retro-style combat with support for 16-player (online),*4-player (local split-screen), or *8-player (local split-screen) matches. In the depths of Strogg space lies the Machine, a singularity capable of collapsing the fabric of reality. Play the All-New “Call of the Machine” ExpansionĪ brand-new Quake II experience from MachineGames consisting of 28 campaign levels and one multiplayer deathmatch map. With the fleet trapped around Stroggos, only 5% of ground forces surviving, and that number dwindling by the second, your orders have changed: free your comrades and destroy the Gravity Well. The Gravity Well, the Strogg's newest weapon in its arsenal against mankind, is operational. You've made it to the surface of Stroggos in one piece and are still able to contact the fleet. In the second official expansion pack for Quake II, you, and a few marines are the lucky ones. Once inside, you must scour industrial landscapes, crawl through waterways and air ducts, navigate treacherous canyons teeming with vicious mutants, stow away on an alien spacecraft, and destroy the enemy's secret moon base. In the first official expansion pack for Quake II, you are part of an elite commando force that must infiltrate a Strogg site. Quake II includes both original mission packs: “The Reckoning,” featuring 18 campaign levels and 7 deathmatch maps, and “Ground Zero,” featuring 15 campaign levels and 14 deathmatch maps. Only then will the fate of humanity be known. Outnumbered and outgunned, fight your way through fortified military installations and shut down the enemy's war machine. In response, humanity launched a strike on the Strogg failed, but you survived. Mankind is at war with the Strogg, a hostile alien race that attacked Earth. Play the Intense Military Sci-fi Campaign Play the All-New Expansion “Call of the Machine”Įnjoy the original, authentic version of Quake II, now with up to 4K* and widescreen resolution support, enhanced models, improved enemy animations and gore, improved and restored AI behaviors, enhanced cinematics, dynamic and colored lighting, anti-aliasing, depth of field, the original, heavy rock soundtrack by Sonic Mayhem, and more. Get the Original Mission Packs: The Reckoning and Ground Zero Now, experience the authentic, enhanced and complete version of the original.Įxperience the Military Sci-fi FPS, Enhanced by id Software in 1997, Quake II is a critically acclaimed first-person shooter that introduces an entirely new science fiction narrative and setting. THANK YOU! The total is in, and you raised over $30,000 during #QuakeCon at Home for and a thank you, we'll be unlocking Quake II on 8/12 and Quake III on 8/17, free for 72 hours each on the Bethesda net Launcher. And then check back next week on the 17th, because Quake III Arena will be available for free in the same manner, saving you $3 or the time of finding an old CD somewhere just to relive the old days of FPS action. To get the game, all you should need to do is log in to the software during the eligibility period, as explained here. The promotion encouraged donations to charities like the NAACP Legal Defense Fund and the Trevor Project, and of course gave PC gamers a reason to save a couple dollars by installing and activating the game in the company’s launcher.ĭonations to eligible charities during the event topped $30,000, so now the company is making Quake II available for free during a 72-hour period (started at 12 PM ET on Wednesday, you do the math). Last weekend during its online QuakeCon event, Bethesda made the original game available for free via its launcher on PC. This means you avoid reactions like diarrhoea and stomach upsets. You should definitely still use this for a time and when you wish to change to a different food, the transition needs to be cautious and carried out in several stages, with you gradually mixing more and more of the new food into the current one. If you have bought a puppy from a responsible breeder, they will generally give a small supply of the food the puppy is used to. Grain should feature in as small a quantity as possible or not at all. There are even special “Cavalier King Charles” foods in specialist stores with a biscuit size adapted to the breed, but you should mainly take care to ensure an appropriate food composition. With this in mind, you should ensure that meat is the main ingredient when purchasing food, regardless of whether it be wet, dry or both. Your Cavalier King Charles Spaniel's digestive system is ideally geared for processing meat. The dog owner then has a robust Cavalier King Charles Spaniel that generally only requires one annual check-up and injections and that can live to the age of 15 years. A good breeder is the best prevention to avoid hereditary diseases. The breed can also be affected by heart disease and neurologically-based syringomyelia (SM). Since there are now DNA tests for hereditary diseases, most can be excluded through targeted selection. Unfortunately affected animals more often than not have to be put down. Curly coat syndrome often emerges too only amongst dogs suffering from dry eye syndrome shortly after they are born, manifesting itself in the form of extremely curly fur, which is later followed by fatty and painfully inflamed skin. Dry eye syndrome tends to affect Cavalier King Charles Spaniels more often and involves chronic dryness of the eyes, which requires constant treatment to prevent the cornea from becoming inflamed. The cramps don't usually cause pain and can be treated – however, they are frequently confused with epilepsy. This entails the dog suffering from exertion or stress with muscle cramps, which can lead to immobility and accidents. This multiple award-winning male is considered the founding father of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel breed, which was added to the Kennel Club's stud book as an independent breed in 1945.Ī disease that exclusively affects Cavalier King Charles Spaniels is neurologically-based episodic falling syndrome, EFS for short. The most famous winner of this henceforth annual competition was Ann's Son, who came in first place from 1928 to 1930. At an exhibition, he offered more prize money for a long-nosed spaniel. In 1926, the long-nosed spaniel experienced a renaissance, since the American Roswell Eldridge made out to search for spaniels belonging to the old type. When the King Charles Spaniel breed was entered in the British Kennel Club stud book for the first time in 1892, the dogs had shorter noses in comparison to their ancestors, since most breeders had crossed them with shorter-nosed breeds like pugs due to the fashion trends at the time. The ancestors of the breed also enjoyed greater popularity with the ladies of the nobility as society and lapdogs. For instance, the painter Anthonis van Dyck's work “The Children of Charles I” eternalised not just the royal offspring, but also two spaniels that very closely resemble today's Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. They can be admired in numerous paintings from this time period and works of art even transmit their fondness of children. The two British kings Charles I (1600-1649) and his son Charles II (1630-1685) were the godfathers of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and were followed at every turn by their beloved spaniels. Toy Spaniels have been popular society dogs for the European nobility for centuries and were bred from hunting spaniels. For instance, the motor might have shorted out or burned out. If your Whirlpool fridge isn’t reaching the temperature that you’ve set, it could be because the evaporator fan motor has failed. The evaporator will cool down the fridge efficiently as long as the fan is helping to distribute the cool air coming off of it. First, remove the access panel covering the condenser section of the fridge, and place it to the side. To resolve this issue, you’ll need to replace the condenser fan motor. If you can turn the fan blades, that means there’s nothing stuck in the blades. When you’re sure that the fan is free from any obstructions, try to turn the fan blades manually. That could happen due to a dust or dirt buildup or foreign objects getting stuck between the blades. To troubleshoot the motor, first, ensure that nothing is stopping the fan blades from turning. Related: Top Reasons Why Viking Refrigerator Is Not Cooling If the condenser fan isn’t working, the motor may have shorted out or broken down from excessive wear and tear. The condenser fan motor must be in good working order and operating at total efficiency for the fan to do this. This fan continuously blows air past the condenser coils, allowing heat to dissipate into the air behind the fridge. However, the condenser coils can’t do this effectively on their own and need plenty of help from the condenser fan. These coils are part of the fridge’s closed-loop cooling system, which circulates refrigerant.Īs mentioned above, the condenser coils help to cool down the refrigerant that circulates in the fridge’s cooling system. The condenser coils of your Whirlpool fridge are located at the back of the appliance, typically closer to the floor. You must do this to avoid the risk of electrocution and reduce the risk of injury, especially when working closely with the fridge’s components. What causes a whirlpool refrigerator to stop cooling?īefore performing any repairs on your Whirlpool fridge, be sure to disconnect the power supply to the appliance. In the following sections, we’ll show you which parts on your Whirlpool fridge to troubleshoot to get your fridge cold again. Lastly, the temperature control thermostat and compressor start relay could prevent the fridge’s cooling system from turning on at all. Besides that, failed fan motors on the condenser or the evaporator coils could also prevent the fridge from removing hot air and distributing cold air. So, if your Whirlpool fridge can’t stay cool, we’re here to help.Ī Whirlpool fridge will not be able to cool properly if it has dirty condenser coils. A Whirlpool fridge must have all of its components in good working order to cool any items inside. With features such as multi-language syntax checking and highlighting, graphical debugging, code intelligence, version control, code profiling and unit testing, as well as code collaboration for team development – Komodo is the ideal IDE for Tcl, whether you are using open source Tcl or ActiveTcl.Īlso, since polyglot Komodo is such a powerful IDE compatible with dozens of languages and frameworks, you can easily switch your language without needing to change your IDE. Komodo IDE is no longer supported and maintained by developers for Python. As of version 4.3, Komodo Edit is built atop the Open Komodo project. It was introduced in January 2007 to complement ActiveState's commercial Komodo IDE. Anyone who uses Komodo knows that switching between languages is a breeze one license, one IDE, ALL your languages and frameworks. Komodo helps Tcl developers write code faster, better, and more accurately. Komodo Edit is a free and open source text editor for dynamic programming languages. No configuration required!Īdditionally, if you have a multiple versions of Tcl installed or have a non-default installation you can still manually define what Tcl executable to use: As long as Tcl is installed on your system, Komodo IDE will pick it up automatically, allowing you to use it immediately. That’s why Komodo IDE comes pre-loaded with so many languages including Tcl, Python, PHP, Perl, web (HTML,CSS, JS), and more. However, here at ActiveState, our goal is to make your life easy–we want to provide you with tools that just work. In fact, Tcl is so popular that people have worked to configure IDEs to work with Tcl recently we saw this video by Fervor T, who had configured Eclipse as a Tcl IDE. It’s used in aerospace, engineering, CAD and even in Cisco routers and core networking infrastructure. And millions of developers around the world rely on ActiveTcl to build and maintain business- and mission-critical applications. Of course you could already do this using the Tools > Run Command dialog, but the shell scope makes this process a bit less involved (at the cost of being less versatile in its use). But you can also use it simply to run shell commands. Tcl is an ideal language for scripting, testing, and rapid prototyping. With Komodo 9.1 we’ve added a new shell scope, which facilitates our new package managers integration. The Komodo IDE 5.0 beta release had developers a-twitter, prompting tweets including Komodo IDE 5 is looking pretty schweeeeet, Je teste Komodo 5 qui est vraiment un très bon IDE pour le web, and For people that haven’t been following the 5.0 development of Komodo IDE: bunch of goodies Komodo IDE 5. When you add a submodule in Git, you don't add the code of the submodule to the main repository The article is misleading and contains many mistakes.īelow the mistakes I found, with the corrections of them: Git config -global alias.pull-all 'pull -recurse-submodules' This will pull the main repository and also it's submodules.Īnd you can make it easier with aliases: git config -global alias.clone-all 'clone -recurse-submodules' This will clone a repository and also check out and init any possible Fortunately, there are some tricks to make it easier: git clone -recurse-submodules It is sometimes annoying if you forget to initiate and update your With submodules, don't forget to keep your submodules up-to-date. So Git sees this as a change, butĪctually you just didn't update the submodule's code. This is notīecause you changed the submodule's code, but because its code isĬhecked out to a different commit. The submodule, it would say HEAD detached at. Submodule in the Changes not staged for commit list with the text If you don't run this command, the code of your submodule is checked What happens if you don't run this command? Submodule has submodules itself, you can add the -recursive flag to If a submodule is not initiated yet, add the -init flag. To update theĬode of your submodules, you should run: git submodule update Information that the submodule is pointing to anotherĬommit, but doesn't update the submodule's code. Git pull, because with git pull it only retrieves the If someone updated a submodule, the other team-members should update If someone else updated the submodule pointer git checkout the branch/commit you want to point to.Update the submodule pointer to a different commit When you git commit in the main repository, it will update the.In git diff you'll see the old and new commit pointers.In git status you'll see that the submodule directory is modified.The next sections describe different scenarios on doing this. To this new commit, you should create another commit in the main Of the submodule is checked out on a different commit than the main Has the text (modified content) behind it. The main repository, will show Changes not staged for commit and it If there are changes in the submodule's repository, then git status in You make new commits inside a submodule, the main repository will It use the new commit of the repository of the submodule. Repository know that you've updated the submodule's repository, and make In a regular Git repository (just execute the git commands in the To it, you should make the changes in its repository and push them like The submodule is just a separate repository. This is notĪutomatically done by git clone. If you've cloned a repository that makes use of submodules, you shouldĪlso run this command to get the submodule's code. This will pull all the code from the submodule and place it in the Then you'll have to initiate them with: git submodule init If there are new submodules you'll see it in the output of Information about the submodule, this is retrieved by a normal If a new submodule is created by one person, the other people in the When you commit and push these files you commit/push Master branch) at the time this command is executed.Īfter this operation, if you do a git status you'll see two files in Which will be the current commit of the default branch (usually the This submodule, which contains the commit the submodule points to, With default configuration, this will check out the code of theĪwesome_submodule.git repository to the path_to_awesome_submoduleĭirectory, and will add information to the main repository about You can add a submodule to a repository like this: git submodule add path_to_awesome_submodule Work with the latest commit of the submodule, it prevents unexpected This is good, because your code might not Submodule's code won't automatically be updated if the submodule's This informationĭescribes which commit the submodule is pointing at. Submodule that is added to the main repository. Submodule to the main repository, you only add information about the When you add a submodule in Git, you don't add the code of the This is a lot more convienient than copy-pasting the code into the With this approach you can easily update that sharedĬomponent in all the repositories that added them as a submodule. Useful if you have multiple repositories that share a commonĬomponent. Re-use the submodule in multiple parent repositories. This way you'll have aĬleaner Git log, because the commits are specific to a certain You can make every subproject a submodule. Useful if you have a big project that contains multiple subprojects. Separate big codebases into multiple repositories. Repository embedded in your main repository. In Git you can add a submodule to a repository. Git Submodules basic explanation Why submodules? Try to get the same cover or the cap according to the model you use for the Cuisinart coffee maker. Solutions:Īs the pod lid has been broken down, replacement is the most obvious solution to your machine’s problem. The coffee spills on the counterpart because the lid has been broken down. This troubleshooting point will make your counter messy as the coffee flicks out of the pods. The detergent will remove all the clogging agent and ensure that you will receive hot water along with the steam. Moreover, remove the nozzle’s tip and submerge it in a high-quality detergent for better effectivity. If stream nozzles aren’t working, get a paper clasp of the clip and clean them thoroughly. This is a sign that the steam nozzle is defective. It would not provide the best espresso taste. In case you are receiving the hot water, but they find no moisture inside it. Except if there is not adequate tension in the water kettle. Your coffee creator won’t administer or deal with the heated water or steam. Moreover, clogging may occur because the device is not aligned with appropriate operating pressure. This clogging effect might be cleared with the help of proper cleaning. This issue is a symptom of the fact that the steam nozzle of the coffee machine is clogged fully. In this regard, Some of the most common Cuisinart one-cup coffee maker troubleshooting issues are elaborated next 1: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Steam Nozzle is not Working While tackling the problems, you must be very careful so that you cannot expose yourself to electric shocks and other fire dangers. The brand has a great position because of its coffee creators’ usefulness and unwavering quality.Ĭuisinart coffee makers experience issues that require fixing. In most situations, the warranty time has passed, and you can’t send it back for a substitution will you discard it? Cuisinart is notable for its top-notch espresso machines. But how might you respond if it quit working and you want it for espresso? Troubleshooting Cuisinart Coffee Maker Problems & SolutionsĪ coffee machine, especially a Cuisinart coffee machine, is a high-priority kitchen machine for you if you are an espresso lover. 7: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Not Turning ON.6: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Does Not Perform Brewing.5: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Turns Off Repeatedly.4: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Switch is Not Working.1: Cuisinart Coffee Maker Steam Nozzle is not Working.Troubleshooting Cuisinart Coffee Maker Problems & Solutions. Part of what makes I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings so impactful is the way Angelou charts her personal growth by swinging the pendulum of power dynamics throughout the narrative, as Marguerite (the narrator and protagonist) moves past her identity as a rape survivor in small town Arkansas to become a strong, empowered woman and the first black female cable car conductor in San Francisco.Ĭlose reading the most painful section in the novelįor some students, one of the most puzzling questions about the book concerns Maya’s response to her childhood trauma. It’s upsetting to think that those without power are always the first to be targeted for exploitation and oppression, as predators are prone to take advantage of the powerless’ fear and lack of confidence. In the #MeToo era, more women in the first world are now able to speak out against sexual victimisation, but this – to a large extent – remains a privilege that’s only open to those who have the socio-economic upper hand.Īnd for a Southern Black girl living in early 20th century America, this sort of privilege is a distant pipe dream. Its difficulty lies not in the complexity of its language or the inaccessibility of its ideas, but in the rawness of its human presentation, delivered through the honesty of a voice which straddles childhood and adolescence.Īs an autobiographical novel, it’s about Angelou’s own childhood (among many other things), but it’s arguably not a ‘children’s book’, as the protagonist Maya recalls growing up with the trauma of abandonment and rape. What’s interesting, then, is that I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings isn’t an easy book to read, much less teach. (By the way, in my post on the poetry of oppression, I analyse Maya Angelou’s poem ‘Still I Rise’ alongside the British Guyanese poet John Agard’s ‘Checking Out Me History’ – another GCSE favourite.) From the GCSE and A-Levels to the IB and AP curricula, this book is a regular on ‘recommended books’ lists. Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, an autobiographical novel published in 1969, is one example of these ‘sensitive, but widely taught’ texts. Introducing I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Puritanical censorship, for all its good intentions, has no place in authentic learning. There is, of course, a strong case to be made for ‘sensitive books’ to be taught in classrooms, if only because engaging with literature is all about understanding humanity in its entirety. I’m not sure how prudish schools are these days (and this could differ vastly across countries and cultures), but while most teachers would cringe at the idea of discussing sex and rape with teenage students, they’re often asked to teach literary works that contain these same sensitive, adult topics.ĭoes the veneer of figurative language, then, make the thematically ‘inappropriate’ more palatable? One of the trickiest things about teaching literature is the ‘appropriateness’ of text selection. Note: This post contains sensitive content! |
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